Pollinators

Beekeeping

Pennsylvania has a long history with beekeeping, and anyone with an apiary in the state has to be registered. If you’re new to beekeeping, Penn State Extension has all the information you need to get started. Learn beekeeping basics such as how to raise honey bees, queen bee rearing advice, beekeeping cell builder basics, and best management practices for bee health.

How to Start Beekeeping

Before you buy your first hive, there are lots of things to consider for anyone thinking about starting beekeeping. It helps learn about bee biology and behavior, hive management, equipment, and bee products, and you’ll be better prepared.

As well as growing your own vegetables and raising chickens in your backyard, beekeeping is an excellent way to be more self-sufficient. There is also a huge industry around beekeeping, and honey bees are the most widely used and dependable pollinators.

One of the most important individuals in any bee colony is the queen honey bee. Numerous methods can be used to produce queen honey bees such as grafting using a cell builder or starter. However, if you’re about to start a new colony or renovate an existing one, you can also install packaged bees.

Beekeeping Basics: How to Raise Honeybees

Interest in hobby beekeeping is hot, but to become a successful beekeeper, it’s crucial you learn about honey bee biology, how to manage bee colonies, and other beekeeping basics. For horticultural professionals, there are Best Management Practices for Bee Health to follow, and these are just as relevant for hobbyist beekeepers as well.

A key part of beekeeping is raising and working with the queen. She is the most important individual in any productive hive.

Honey bees can suffer from a range of different maladies, and you need to be able to recognize and treat them. Environmental stressors can have a big impact on the health of your bees, as can honey bee parasites, pests, and predators. Varroa mite, for example, can weaken the bee immune system. However, feral honey bees are thought to have naturally developed mechanisms to deal with these mites. Honey bees can also be infected with a host of different viruses and bacterial diseases such as American Foulbrood.

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  1. Foto: Robyn Underwood, Penn State
    Articles
    Virus en abejas de miel
    By Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Robyn Underwood, Ph.D., Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D.
    Las abejas de miel pueden ser infectadas por una gran variedad de virus. Sin embargo, si la colonia está en buen estado de salud y no experimenta estrés crónico, la mayoría de estas infecciones virales no son problemáticas.
  2. Beekeeping Basics Webinar Series (In Spanish Language)
    Webinars

    Beekeeping Basics Webinar Series (In Spanish Language)
    Length 9 Hours Total (6 weeks of 1.5 hrs. ea.)
    Unlock the world of beekeeping in our Spanish-language webinar series. Learn essential skills, from hive management to honey bee behavior. Join us for an interactive journey into beekeeping, perfect for beginners and enthusiasts alike.
  3. Figura 1. A medida que aumenta la temperatura y florecen las plantas de primavera, las abejas comenzarán a buscar néctar y polen. Foto: Kate Anton, Pensilvania
    Articles
    Manejo de abejas de miel a través de las estaciones
    By Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D.
    En Pensilvania, el estilo de vida de las colonias de abejas melíferas está estrechamente relacionado con las estaciones debido a la alta variabilidad en la disponibilidad de plantas, temperatura, y precipitación.
  4. Apicultura, ¿cómo empezar?
    Articles
    Apicultura, ¿cómo empezar?
    By Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D., Katy Ciola Evans
    La apicultura es una actividad nueva y apasionante para muchas personas.
  5. Image 1. Honey bee breeders select the highest performing colonies to use for queen and drone production. Image: Kate Anton, Penn State
    Articles
    An Introduction to Honey Bee Breeding Program Design
    By Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Robyn Underwood, Ph.D., Cassandra Darnell
    Honey bee breeding is a long-term, labor-intensive process that is becoming more popular and accessible.
  6. Figure 1. Spotted lanternfly adult on a leaf. Photo: Robyn Underwood, Penn State
    Articles
    Spotted Lanternflies and Beekeeping
    By Robyn Underwood, Ph.D.
    The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, is an introduced plant hopper from China that is rapidly expanding its range in the United States.
  7. Figure 1. As outdoor temperatures rise and spring flowers bloom, bees will begin foraging for nectar and pollen. Photo: Kate Anton, Penn State
    Articles
    Honey Bee Management Throughout the Seasons
    By Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Kate Anton
    The honey bee colony lifestyle is closely linked to the seasons when the availability of flowering plants, temperature, and precipitation vary dramatically.
  8. Enfermedades de la Abeja de Miel: Loque Americana
    Articles
    Enfermedades de la Abeja de Miel: Loque Americana
    By Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D., Robyn Underwood, Ph.D.
    La loque americana únicamente afecta a las larvas de la abeja de miel, debilita a la colonial y provocando rápidamente su muerte.
  9. Figura 1. El parásito Varroa destructor. Foto de Kate Anton.
    Articles
    Métodos para el control de Varroa destructor: un enfoque de manejo integrado de plagas
    By Robyn Underwood, Ph.D., Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D.
    El parásito Varroa destructor (Figura 1) es actualmente la plaga más importante de la abeja de miel occidental (Apis mellifera).
  10. Figure 1. A capped queen cell and nurse bee. Photo: Kate Anton, Penn State
    Articles
    Queen Cell Production: Grafting and Graft-Free Methods
    By Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D.
    Queen production allows beekeepers greater autonomy and independence, enabling individuals to better meet the goals of honey production, pollination, colony production, and genetic selection.
  11. Figure 1. Nurse bees provisioning a day old queen cell. Photo: Kate Anton, Penn State
    Articles
    Beekeeping: Cell Builder Basics
    By Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Dr. Natalie Boyle
    Honey bee colony behavior is dynamic and extremely adaptable, which allows for easy manipulation and management of these amazing social insects.
  12. Colony Division: An Easy Method to Split a Colony
    Videos
    Colony Division: An Easy Method to Split a Colony
    By Kathleen Ciola Evans
    Length 12:24
    This short 2-part video provides an overview of colony reproduction and illustrates a simple step-by-step method for dividing or splitting a colony.
  13. Photo: Robyn Underwood, Penn State
    Articles
    Viruses in Honey Bees
    By Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Robyn Underwood, Ph.D., Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D.
    Honey bees are infected with many different kinds of viruses. However, most virus infections are not problematic, if the honey bee colony is healthy and does not experience chronic stress.
  14. A marked, mated, and laying queen. Photo: Kate Anton, Penn State
    Articles
    An Introduction to Queen Honey Bee Development
    By Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D.
    The queen is the most important individual in a colony. She is the only bee capable of producing workers and tens of thousands of workers are required for strong colonies.
  15. Infected larva ropes out when poked with a toothpick
    Articles
    Honey Bee Diseases: American Foulbrood
    By Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D., Robyn Underwood, Ph.D.
    American foulbrood only attacks honey bee larvae, weakening the colony and quickly leading to its death.
  16. Figure 1. The varroa mite, Varroa destructor. Photo by Kate Anton.
    Articles
    Methods to Control Varroa Mites: An Integrated Pest Management Approach
    By Robyn Underwood, Ph.D., Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D.
    Varroa mites (Varroa destructor), are the most influential of all of the pests and diseases of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) today.
  17. Tracking the Health of Feral Honey Bees in Pennsylvania
    Articles
    Tracking the Health of Feral Honey Bees in Pennsylvania
    By Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D.
    Dr. Margarita M. López-Uribe is leading a project to map feral bees and analyze their immune systems. If you are aware of an unmanaged honeybee colony, please let us know.
  18. A Quick Reference Guide to Honey Bee Parasites, Pests, Predators, and Diseases
    Articles
    A Quick Reference Guide to Honey Bee Parasites, Pests, Predators, and Diseases
    By Robyn Underwood, Ph.D.
    Information about common honey bee maladies, including varroa mite, tracheal mite, bee louse, skunks, bears, foulbrood, and nosema.
  19. Beekeeping Basics
    Guides and Publications
    Starting At $8.50
    Beekeeping Basics
    By Maryann Frazier
    Become a successful beekeeper by learning about honey bee biology and how to manage bee colonies in this publication.
  20. Beekeeping 101
    Online Courses

    $159.00

    Beekeeping 101
    Sections 10
    Length 9 hours
    This online course about the science and practice of beekeeping is for beginning beekeepers. It covers bee biology and behavior, hive management, equipment, bee products, and more.
  21. Growers dependent on honey bees must constantly maintain a delicate balance between protecting their crops from pests and pathogens and protecting pollinators.
    Articles
    Orchard Pollination: Honey Bees
    By Dave Biddinger, Ph.D.
    European honey bees are the primary managed pollinators in orchards because their abundance can be managed from year to year.