In 1900, Ma Yingbiao (馬應彪) founded Sincere (先施), the first Chinese-owned department store in Hong Kong. It rapidly expanded to 14 other cities, adding restaurants and cinemas, and diversifying into manufacturing and insurance. Sincere's success sparked a retail revolution, inspiring three other major chains. These stores transformed urban consumption and leisure in China, introducing new media, entertainment, and modern societal challenges. Join us to learn how they reshaped retail and created a new modern society.
