Microneedle-based continuous levodopa monitoring in patients with Parkinson’s disease 2026

This proof-of-concept study tested a small microneedle sensor that continuously measures levodopa levels through the skin in people with Parkinson’s disease. The technology could provide real-time information about how levodopa levels change after medication dosing and may ultimately help guide more personalized treatment.

A wearable patch for continuous levodopa monitoring in sweat: Towards exertion- and power-free pharmacodynamic assessment in Parkinson’s disease

This study tested a wearable fingertip patch that uses sweat to monitor levodopa levels in people with Parkinson’s disease continuously. The device demonstrated the feasibility of tracking medication changes noninvasively and in real time, supporting the potential for more individualized assessment of levodopa response.

Orthostatic hypotension and acute cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: insights from functional near-infrared spectroscopy

This study found that people with Parkinson’s disease with orthostatic hypotension had impaired thinking and altered brain blood-flow responses when upright compared to when supine, even when they did not feel lightheaded or dizzy. These findings suggest that blood pressure drops may have important but underrecognized effects on brain function in Parkinson’s disease.

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